Nina Stachenfeld, PhD

Berbrier, D. E., Adler, T. E., Leone, C. A., Paidas, M. J., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Usselman, C. W. (2024). Blood Pressure Responses to Handgrip Exercise but Not Apnea or Mental Stress Are Enhanced in Women with a Recent History of Preeclampsia. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00020.2024

Aguado, B. A., Jeffries, D. L., Jordan-Young, R., Klein, S. L., Lett, E., Stachenfeld, N., Tollkuhn, J., & Xu, X. (2024). The Future of Sex and Gender in Research. Cell 187(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.010Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2023). Sex Hormones and Environmental Factors Affecting Exercise . In Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women (pp. 113-134). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_5

Usselman, C. W., Lindsey, M. L., Robinson, A. T., Habecker, B. A., Taylor, C. E., Merryman, W. D., Kimmerly, D., Bender, J. R., Regensteiner, J. G., Moreau, K. L., Pilote, L., Wenner, M. M., O’Brien, M., Yarovinsky, T. O., Stachenfeld, N. S., Charkoudian, N., Denfeld, Q. E., Moreira-Bouchard, J. D., Pyle, W. G., & DeLeon-Pennell, K. Y. (2023). Guidelines on the Use of Sex and Gender in Cardiovascular Research. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2023

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2023). Sex Hormones and Environmental Factors Affecting Exercise. In Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women (pp. 113-134). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_5

Hunter, S. K., S Angadi, S., Bhargava, A., Harper, J., Hirschberg, A. L., D Levine, B., L Moreau, K., J Nokoff, N., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Bermon, S. (2023). The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003300

Hunter, S. K., Angadi, S. S., Bhargava, A., Harper, J., Hirschberg, A. L., Levine, B. D., Moreau, K. L., Nokoff, N. J., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Bermon, S. (2023). The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine. Translational Journal of the ACSM, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000236

Kirby, N. V., Williams, A. C., Content, V. G., Wolf, S. T., Dillon, G. A., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Alexander, L. M. (2023). Effects of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Oral Salsalate Intervention on Flow-Mediated Dilation in Women with Endometriosis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(9S). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000983544.89010.be

Colburn, A. T., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2023). Comment on “Effects of Biological Sex and Oral Contraceptive Pill Use on Cutaneous Microvascular Endothelial Function and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Vasodilation in Humans”. Journal of Applied Physiology, 135(2). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00335.2023

Chung, T. J., Deajon-Jackson, J., Bini, J., Song, H., Sanchez Rangel, E., Yeckel, C. W., Hwang, J. J., Stachenfeld, N., & Belfort-Deaguiar, R. (2023). 1541-P: Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Response to Food Ingestion Is Impacted by Obesity. Diabetes, 72(Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.2337/db23-1541-p

Stone, T., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Oluwatade, T. N., Leone, C. A., Burgos, M., Okifo, F., Pal, L., Reckelhoff, J. F., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2023). Testosterone-Associated Blood Pressure Dysregulation in Women with Androgen Excess Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 325(2). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00164.2023

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2023). Sex Hormones and Environmental Factors Affecting Exercise. Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women (pp. 113-134). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_5

Kirby, N., Williams, A., Content, V., Wolf, S. T., Dillon, G., Stachenfeld, N., & Alexander, L. (2023). Shear Rate Patterns During Flow-Mediated Dilation in Women with Endometriosis: Preliminary Findings. Physiology, 38(S1). https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2023.38.s1.5733199

Stone, T., Cardozo, L. Y., Oluwatade, T., Leone, C., Okifo, F., Reckelhoff, J., Pal, L., & Stachenfeld, N. (2023). Testosterone Effects on Autonomic Function in Women with Androgen Excess Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Physiology, 38(S1). https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2023.38.s1.5729543

Kirby, N. V., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Alexander, L. M. (2023). Letter to the Editor in Response To: Microvascular Endothelial Function Following the Cessation of Long‐Term Oral Contraceptive Pill Use: A Case Report. Experimental Physiology, 108(8). https://doi.org/10.1113/ep091174

Berbrier, D. E., Leone, C. A., Adler, T. E., Bender, J. R., Taylor, H. S., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Usselman, C. W. (2023). Effects of Androgen Excess and Body Mass Index on Endothelial Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of Applied Physiology, 134(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00583.2022

Huang, T., Howse, F. M., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Usselman, C. W. (2022). Correlations between Salivary- and Blood-Derived Gonadal Hormone Assessments and Implications for Inclusion of Female Participants in Research Studies. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 324(1). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2022

Dillon, G. A., Stanhewicz, A. E., Serviente, C., Flores, V. A., Stachenfeld, N., & Alexander, L. M. (2022). Seven Days of Statin Treatment Improves Nitric-Oxide Mediated Endothelial-Dependent Cutaneous Microvascular Function in Women with Endometriosis. Microvascular Research, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104421

Giersch, G. E. W., Garcia, C. K., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Charkoudian, N. (2022). Are There Sex Differences in Risk for Exertional Heat Stroke? A Translational Approach. Experimental Physiology, 107(10). https://doi.org/10.1113/ep090402

Orr, H. R., Adler, T. E., Leone, C., Paidas, M. J., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Usselman, C. W. (2022). Sympathetic Responses to Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Women Following Preeclamptic Pregnancies. The FASEB Journal, 36(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4218

Okifo, N. F., Pal, L., Mushi, M., & Stachenfeld, N. (2022). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Black Race Are Associated with Increased Blood Pressure. The FASEB Journal, 36(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3724

Berbrier, D., Leone, C., Adler, T., Bender, J., Taylor, H., Stachenfeld, N., & Usselman, C. (2022). Endothelial (Dys)Function in Women with Androgen Excess Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effects of Body Composition and Ethinyl Estradiol Supplementation. The FASEB Journal, 36(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.0r847

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Mazure, C. M. (2022). Precision Medicine Requires Understanding How Both Sex and Gender Influence Health. Cell, 185(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.012

Gomez, J. M. D., VanHise, K., Stachenfeld, N., Chan, J. L., Merz, N. B., & Shufelt, C. (2022). Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, 117(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.02.028

Mamillapalli, R., Toffoloni, N., Habata, S., Qunhua, H., Atwani, R., Stachenfeld, N., & Taylor, H. S. (2022). Endometriosis Promotes Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 227(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.040

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Alexander, L. M. (2022). Why Gender Equity Should Remain a Focus for the American Physiological Society. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 322(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00611.2021

Shawky, N. M., Dalmasso, C., Ojeda, N. B., Zuchowski, Y., Stachenfeld, N., Alexander, B. T., & Reckelhoff, J. F. (2022). Consequences of Hyperandrogenemia During Pregnancy in Female Offspring: Attenuated Response to Angiotensin Ii. Journal of Hypertension, 40(4). https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000003067

Hussain, Z., Stone, T., & Stachenfeld, N. (2021). Race, Ethnicity and Geographical Variables in the Study of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. The FASEB Journal, 35(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02899

Stone, T., Chiles, M., Leone, C., Pal, L., & Stachenfeld, N. (2021). Androgen Effects on Baroreflex Sensitivity in Women with Ae‐Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 35(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04149

Chiles, M., Stone, T., Leone, C., Pal, L., & Stachenfeld, N. (2021). Impaired Cardiovagal Baroreflex in Black Women with Ae‐Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 35(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02432

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2020). Last Word on Point:Counterpoint: Investigators Should/Should Not Control for Menstrual Cycle Phase When Performing Studies of Vascular Control That Include Women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 129(5). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00860.2020

Stone, T., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2020). Pathophysiological Effects of Androgens on the Female Vascular System. Biology of Sex Differences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-020-00323-6

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2020). Point: Investigators Should Control for Menstrual Cycle Phase When Performing Studies of Vascular Control That Include Women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 129(5). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00443.2020

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2020). Rebuttal to Drs. Stanhewicz and Wong. Journal of Applied Physiology, 129(5). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00620.2020

Stachenfeld, N. (2020). Introducing a Special Series, Sex as a Variable in Human Research: A Systems Approach. The FASEB Journal, 34(7). https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202001425

Giersch, G. E. W., Morrissey, M. C., Katch, R. K., Colburn, A. T., Sims, S. T., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Casa, D. J. (2020). Menstrual Cycle and Thermoregulation During Exercise in the Heat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.014

Stone, T., Leone, C., Ayers, T., & Stachenfeld, N. (2020). Autonomic Dysfunction in Women with Androgen Excess Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 34(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.01846

Usselman, C. W., Adler, T. E., Coovadia, Y., Leone, C., Paidas, M. J., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2020). A Recent History of Preeclampsia Is Associated with Elevated Central Pulse Wave Velocity and Muscle Sympathetic Outflow. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 318(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00578.2019

Gulanski, B. I., Flannery, C. A., Peter, P. R., Leone, C. A., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2019). Compromised Endothelial Function in Transgender Men Taking Testosterone. Clinical Endocrinology, 92(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14132

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2019). Women Leading in the Environmental and Exercise Physiology Section of the American Physiological Society: Better Late Than Never. Journal of Applied Physiology, 127(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00295.2019

Mamillapalli, R., Toffoloni, N., Huttler, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, P., Stachenfeld, N., & Taylor, H. S. (2019). Endometriosis Increased Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model. Fertility and Sterility, 112(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.944

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2019). Independent Effect of High Aerobic Capacity to Protect against Diet Induced Insulin Resistance in Male Rats. Endocrinology, 160(6). https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00292

Stachenfeld, N., Leone, C., & Gulanski, B. (2019). Compromised Endothelial Function in Transgender Men Taking Testosterone. The FASEB Journal, 33(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.696.4

Usselman, C. W., Yarovinsky, T. O., Steele, F. E., Leone, C. A., Taylor, H. S., Bender, J. R., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2019). Androgens Drive Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of the Endothelin B Receptor. The Journal of Physiology, 597(11). https://doi.org/10.1113/jp277756

Flores, V. A., Leone, C., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2019). Effects of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens on Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Tract Ultrasonographic Appearance in Premenopausal Women: A Preliminary Study. Gynecological Endocrinology, 35(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2018.1559288

Stanhewicz, A. E., Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2018). Sex Differences in Endothelial Function Important to Vascular Health and Overall Cardiovascular Disease Risk across the Lifespan. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 315(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00396.2018

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2018). Including Women in Research. It’s Necessary, and Really Not So Hard to Do. Experimental Physiology, 103(10). https://doi.org/10.1113/ep087261

Flores, V. A., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2018). Bazedoxifene–Conjugated Estrogens for Treating Endometriosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 132(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000002739

Wenner, M. M., Hinds, K. A., Howard, J. T., Nawn, C. D., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Convertino, V. A. (2018). Measurement of Compensatory Reserve Predicts Racial Differences in Tolerance to Simulated Hemorrhage in Women. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 85(1S). https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000001837

Adler, T. E., Usselman, C. W., Takamata, A., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2018). Blood Pressure Predicts Endothelial Function and the Effects of Ethinyl Estradiol Exposure in Young Women. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 315(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00188.2018

Adler, T. E., Usselman, C. W., Takamata, A., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2018). Blood Pressure Predicts Endothelial Function and Effect of Ethinyl Estradiol in Young Obese and Lean Women. The FASEB Journal, 32(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.713.3

Usselman, C. W., Adler, T. E., Leone, C., Paidas, M. J., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2018). Sympathetic Nervous System Reactivity in Women Following Preeclamptic Pregnancies. The FASEB Journal, 32(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.714.7

Stachenfeld, N. S., Leone, C. A., Mitchell, E. S., Freese, E., & Harkness, L. (2017). Water Intake Reverses Dehydration Associated Impaired Executive Function in Healthy Young Women. Physiology & Behavior, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.028

Usselman, C. W., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2017). Microvascular Endothelial Function in Lean Versus Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of the Endothelin B Receptor. The FASEB Journal, 31(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.691.5

Turner, J. M., Marsteller, D. A., Luxkaranayagam, A. T., Fletcher, J. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2017). Mild Exercise in Female Subjects Impairs Complex Learning Independent of Hydration Status and Emotion. Physiology & Behavior, 180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.013

Usselman, C. W., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2017). Contribution of Increased Angiotensin Ii Sensitivity to Microvascular Dysfunction in Women with a History of Preeclampsia. Hypertension, 70(2). https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09527

Adler, T. E., Usselman, C. W., Anaeto, L. C., Schapiro, R. G., Steele, F. E., Toffoloni, N., Takamata, A., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2017). Relationship between Body Mass Index and Endothelial Dysfunction in Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The FASEB Journal, 31(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.691.8

Gunduz‐Bruce, H., Kenney, J., Changlani, S., Peixoto, A., Gueorguieva, R., Leone, C., & Stachenfeld, N. (2017). A Translational Approach for Nmda Receptor Profiling as a Vulnerability Biomarker for Depression and Schizophrenia. Experimental Physiology, 102(5). https://doi.org/10.1113/ep086212

Wenner, M. M., Hinds, K., Howard, J. T., Nawn, C. D., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Convertino, V. A. (2017). Measurement of the Compensatory Reserve Predicts Racial Differences in Orthostatic Tolerance. The FASEB Journal, 31(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1087.2

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2016). Sex Hormones and Environmental Factors Affecting Exercise. Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women (pp. 151-170). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44558-8_9

Bosetti, F., Galis, Z. S., Bynoe, M. S., Charette, M., Cipolla, M. J., del Zoppo, G. J., Gould, D., Hatsukami, T. S., Jones, T. L. Z., Koenig, J. I., Lutty, G. A., Maric‐Bilkan, C., Stevens, T., Tolunay, H. E., Koroshetz, W., Participants, t. S. B. V. B. H. P. W., Agalliu, D., Antonetti, D. A., Boehm, M., . . . Zlokovic, B. V. (2016). “Small Blood Vessels: Big Health Problems?”: Scientific Recommendations of the National Institutes of Health Workshop. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(11). https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.116.004389

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2016). Sex Hormone Effects on Autonomic and Endothelial Function. Experimental Physiology, 101(3). https://doi.org/10.1113/ep085720

Usselman, C. W., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Bender, J. R. (2016). The Molecular Actions of Oestrogen in the Regulation of Vascular Health. Experimental Physiology, 101(3). https://doi.org/10.1113/ep085148

Charkoudian, N., & Stachenfeld, N. (2015). Sex Hormone Effects on Autonomic Mechanisms of Thermoregulation in Humans. Autonomic Neuroscience, 196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2015.11.004

Latchman, P., Gates, G., Thiel, R., Hannah, C., Stachenfeld, N., & De Meersman, R. (2015). The Relationship between Indices of Parasympathetic Nervous Activity and Cardiovascular Health in Men. Autonomic Neuroscience, 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.082

Latchman, P., Gates, G., Axtell, R., Lunn, W., Stachenfeld, N., & De Meersman, R. (2015). The Relationship between Heart Rate Variability and Recovery Heart Rate in Women. Autonomic Neuroscience, 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.186

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2015). Peripheral Microvascular Vasodilatory Response to Estradiol and Genistein in Women with Insulin Resistance. Microcirculation, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12208

Sladek, C. D., Michelini, L. C., Stachenfeld, N. S., Stern, J. E., & Urban, J. H. (2015). Endocrine‐Autonomic Linkages. Comprehensive Physiology (pp. 1281-1323). https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c140028

Turner, J., Leone, C., Luxkaranayagam, A., & Stachenfeld, N. (2015). Mild Dehydration Impairs Executive Function. The FASEB Journal, 29(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.823.5

Platts, S. H., Merz, C. N. B., Barr, Y., Fu, Q., Gulati, M., Hughson, R., Levine, B. D., Mehran, R., Stachenfeld, N., & Wenger, N. K. (2014). Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Cardiovascular Alterations. Journal of Women’s Health, 23(11). https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.4912

Horvath, T. L., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Diano, S. (2014). A Temperature Hypothesis of Hypothalamus-Driven Obesity. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 87(2). https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1078924777

Alian, A. A., Galante, N. J., Stachenfeld, N. S., Silverman, D. G., & Shelley, K. H. (2014). Impact of Lower Body Negative Pressure Induced Hypovolemia on Peripheral Venous Pressure Waveform Parameters in Healthy Volunteers. Physiological Measurement, 35(7). https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/35/7/1509

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2014). The Interrelationship of Research in the Laboratory and the Field to Assess Hydration Status and Determine Mechanisms Involved in Water Regulation During Physical Activity. Sports Medicine, 44(Suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0155-0

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2014). Hormonal Changes During Menopause and the Impact on Fluid Regulation. Reproductive Sciences, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719113518992

Wenner, M., Taylor, H., & Stachenfeld, N. (2014). Dichotomous Estradiol and Genistein Effects on Cutaneous Endothelium‐Dependent Vasodilation in Women with and without Insulin Resistance (678.6). The FASEB Journal, 28(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.678.6

Charkoudian, N., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2014). Reproductive Hormone Influences on Thermoregulation in Women. Comprehensive Physiology (pp. 793-804). https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c130029

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2014). Challenges and Methodology for Testing Young Healthy Women in Physiological Studies. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 306(8). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00038.2014

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2013). Androgens Influence Microvascular Dilation in Pcos through Et-a and Et-B Receptors. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 305(7). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00343.2013

Stachenfeld, N., Wenner, M., & Taylor, H. S. (2013). Eta Subtype Receptor Sensitivity to Testosterone Contributes to Microvascular Dysfunction in Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 27(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1133.10

Stachenfeld, N., Wenner, M. M., & Taylor, H. S. (2013). Testosterone Modulates Sodium‐Regulating Hormones in Women with Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 27(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.904.5

Wenner, M. M., Haddadin, A. S., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2013). Mechanisms Contributing to Low Orthostatic Tolerance in Women: The Influence of Oestradiol. The Journal of Physiology, 591(9). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.247882

Selvaraj, N., Shelley, K. H., Silverman, D. G., Stachenfeld, N., & Chon, K. H. (2012). Autonomic Control Mechanism of Maximal Lower Body Negative Pressure Application. 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346625

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2012). Blood Pressure and Water Regulation: Understanding Sex Hormone Effects within and between Men and Women. The Journal of Physiology, 590(23). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.236752

Noonan, B., & Stachenfeld, N. (2012). The Effects of Undergarment Composition Worn beneath Hockey Protective Equipment on High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(9). https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182606e1e

Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2012). Orthostatic Intolerance. Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease (pp. 665-667). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_79

Alian, A. A., Galante, N. J., Stachenfeld, N. S., Silverman, D. G., & Shelley, K. H. (2011). Impact of Central Hypovolemia on Photoplethysmographic Waveform Parameters in Healthy Volunteers Part 2: Frequency Domain Analysis. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 25(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-011-9317-x

Alian, A. A., Galante, N. J., Stachenfeld, N. S., Silverman, D. G., & Shelley, K. H. (2011). Impact of Central Hypovolemia on Photoplethysmographic Waveform Parameters in Healthy Volunteers. Part 1: Time Domain Analysis. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 25(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-011-9316-y

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2011). Endothelin B Receptor Contribution to Peripheral Microvascular Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of Physiology, 589(19). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.216218

Wenner, M. M., Wilson, T. E., Davis, S. L., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2011). Pharmacological Curve Fitting to Analyze Cutaneous Adrenergic Responses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00780.2011

Selvaraj, N., Shelley, K. H., Silverman, D. G., Stachenfeld, N., Galante, N., Florian, J. P., Mendelson, Y., & Chon, K. H. (2011). A Novel Approach Using Time–Frequency Analysis of Pulse-Oximeter Data to Detect Progressive Hypovolemia in Spontaneously Breathing Healthy Subjects. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(8). https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2144981

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., Haddadin, A. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2011). Estrogen Enhances Baroreflex Sensitivity in Women with Low Orthostatic Tolerance. The FASEB Journal, 25. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.647.3

Stachenfeld, N., Wenner, M., & Taylor, H. S. (2011). Sex Differences in Endothelial Function in the Microvasculature: Effects of Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 25. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.837.2

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2011). Testosterone Lowers Microvascular Et‐B Receptor Responsiveness in Women with Pcos. The FASEB Journal, 25(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb559

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2011). Progesterone Enhances Adrenergic Control of Skin Blood Flow in Women with High but Not Low Orthostatic Tolerance. The Journal of Physiology, 589(4). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.194563

Moore, C. L., Tham, E. T., Samuels, K. J., McNamara, R. L., Galante, N. J., Stachenfeld, N., Shelley, K., Dziura, J., & Silverman, D. G. (2010). Tissue Doppler of Early Mitral Filling Correlates with Simulated Volume Loss in Healthy Subjects. Academic Emergency Medicine, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00906.x

Stachenfeld, N. S., Yeckel, C. W., & Taylor, H. S. (2010). Greater Exercise Sweating in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Compared with Obese Controls. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(9). https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d8cf68

Hinds, K., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2010). Greater Orthostatic Tolerance in Young Black Compared with White Women. Hypertension, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.150011

Stachenfeld, N., & Taylor, H. S. (2010). Thermoregulation in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effects of Estradiol and Testosterone. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000386306.34291.43

Wenner, M. M., Taylor, H. S., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2010). Peripheral Microvascular Responses to Norepinephrine in Women with Orthostatic Intolerance. The FASEB Journal, 24(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.991.17

Hinds, K., & Stachenfeld, N. (2010). Greater Orthostatic Tolerance in Young Black Compared to White Women. The FASEB Journal, 24(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.977.9

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2009). Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid and Sodium Regulation in Women with and without Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91211.2008

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. (2009). Role of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Menstrual Dysfunction in Female Athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(6). https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31819c3a62

McClung, J. P., Karl, J. P., Stachenfeld, N. S., Cable, S. J., Williams, K. W., Nindl, B. C., Lieberman, H. R., & Young, A. J. (2009). Menstrual Cycle Disruptions in Female Soldiers During Military Training: Impact of Body Weight and Composition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355585.63942.03

Stachenfeld, N. S., Hinds, K. A., & Taylor, H. S. (2009). Female Reproductive Hormone Effects on Skin Vessel Adrenergic Responsiveness in Women with Low and High Orthostatic Tolerance. The FASEB Journal, 23(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.968.2

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2008). Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 36(3). https://doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e31817be928

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2008). Acute Effects of Sodium Ingestion on Thirst and Cardiovascular Function. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e31817f23fc

Stachenfeld, N., Grabarek, A. R., & Taylor, H. S. (2008). Osmotic Regulation of Avp as a Risk Factor for Hyponatremia in Women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000321819.68197.56

Van Gelder, C. M., Pranger, L. A., Wiesmann, W. P., Stachenfeld, N., & Bogucki, S. (2008). An Experimental Model of Heat Storage in Working Firefighters. Prehospital Emergency Care, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120801907430

Noonan, B., Mack, G., & Stachenfeld, N. (2007). The Effects of Hockey Protective Equipment on High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8). https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180619644

Stover, E. A., Horswill, C. A., Miranda, L. F., Stofan, J. R., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Murray, R. (2007). Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Drinking Response in Physically Active Females. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000274222.41905.b6

Noonan, B., Mack, G., & Stachenfeld, N. (2007). The Physiological Effects of Hockey Protective Equipment on High Intensity Intermittent Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000274728.12382.c4

Stachenfeld, N., & Taylor, H. S. (2007). Thermoregulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000274725.66640.0e

Sawka, M. N., Burke, L. M., Eichner, E. R., Maughan, R. J., Montain, S. J., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2007). Exercise and Fluid Replacement. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2007). Exogenous Oestradiol and Progesterone Administration Does Not Cause Oedema in Healthy Young Women. Clinical Endocrinology, 66(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02748.x

Di Pietro, L., & Stachenfeld, N. (2006). Refutation of the Myth of the Female Athlete Triad. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032854

Loucks, A. B., Stachenfeld, N. S., & DiPietro, L. (2006). The Female Athlete Triad. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(10). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000239397.01203.83

DiPietro, L., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2006). The Myth of the Female Athlete Triad. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(6). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.024158

DiPietro, L., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2006). The Female Athlete Triad Myth. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(4). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000210148.04162.23

Stachenfeld, N., & Taylor, H. (2006). Estradiol and Progesterone Effects on Transcapillary Fluid Dynamics. The FASEB Journal, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1246-d

Meendering, J. R., Torgrimson, B. N., Kaplan, P. F., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Minson, C. T. (2006). Effects of Estradiol and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Flow Mediated Dilation in Young Women. The FASEB Journal, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a301-c

D’Ambrosio, C., Stachenfeld, N. S., Pisani, M., & Mohsenin, V. (2005). Sleep, Breathing, and Menopause: The Effect of Fluctuating Estrogen and Progesterone on Sleep and Breathing in Women. Gender Medicine, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(05)80053-1

Di Pietro, L., Stachenfeld, N., & Pierce, J. B. (2005). The Female Athlete Triad Revisited. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(9). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000177567.63344.0b

Stachenfeld, N., & Taylor, H. S. (2005). Progesterone Effects on Renal Sodium Regulation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(Supplement). https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01631

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2005). Progesterone Increases Plasma Volume Independent of Estradiol. Journal of Applied Physiology, 98(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00031.2005

Stachenfeld, N. S., Keefe, D. L., & Taylor, H. S. (2004). Responses to a Saline Load in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist-Pretreated Premenopausal Women Receiving Progesterone or Estradiol-Progesterone Therapy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90(1). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0941

Stachenfeld, N. S., Taylor, H. S., & Keefe, D. L. (2004). Progesterone and Estrogen Effects on Sodium Regulation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01018

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2003). Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone Administration on Extracellular Fluid. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01032.2003

Stachenfeld, N. S., Taylor, H. S., Leone, C. A., & Keefe, D. L. (2003). Oestrogen Effects on Urine Concentrating Response in Young Women. The Journal of Physiology, 552(3). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.046920

Stachenfeld, N. S., Taylor, H. S., & Keefe, D. L. (2003). Mechanisms for Estrogen and Progesterone Effects on Plasma Volume. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-01106

Stachenfeld, N. S., & Keefe, D. L. (2002). Estrogen Effects on Osmotic Regulation of Avp and Fluid Balance. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 283(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00192.2002

Van Gelder, C., Pranger, L. A., Urias, A. R., Lo, R., Wiesmann, W. P., Winchell, R. J., Kolka, M. A., Stachenfeld, N., & Bogucki, S. (2002). Physiologic Monitoring in Extreme Environments: Application of Microsensors and Embedded Processors to Predict Heat Stress in Fire Fighters. Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems IV. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.466648

Stachenfeld, N., Palter, S., Keefe, D., & Pierce, J. B. (2002). Estrogen and Progesterone Effects on Osmotic Fluid Regulation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00639

Asafu-Agyei, N. A., Stachenfeld, N., Palter, S., Keefe, D., & Pierce, J. B. (2002). Racial Effects on Estrogen Modulation of Sodium and Blood Pressure Regulation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00638

Calzone, W. L., Silva, C., Keefe, D. L., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2001). Progesterone Does Not Alter Osmotic Regulation of Avp. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 281(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r2011

Stachenfeld, N. S., Keefe, D. L., & Palter, S. F. (2001). Estrogen and Progesterone Effects on Transcapillary Fluid Dynamics. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 281(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1319

Stachenfeld, N. S., Splenser, A. E., Calzone, W. L., Taylor, M. P., & Keefe, D. L. (2001). Selected Contribution: Sex Differences in Osmotic Regulation of Avp and Renal Sodium Handling. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1893

Stachenfeld, N. (2001). Hormonal Contraception, Body Water Balance and Thermoregulation. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada410450

Stachenfeld, N. S., Seals, D. R., Kenney, W. L., Poehlman, E. T., & Silva, C. (2001). Reproductive Hormones. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00809

Stachenfeld, N. S., Silva, C., & Keefe, D. L. (2000). Estrogen Modifies the Temperature Effects of Progesterone. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(5). https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1643

Stachenfeld, N. S., Silva, C., Keefe, D. L., Kokoszka, C. A., & Nadel, E. R. (1999). Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Body Fluid Regulation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1016

Stachenfeld, N. S., DiPietro, L., Kokoszka, C. A., Silva, C., Keefe, D. L., & Nadel, E. R. (1999). Physiological Variability of Fluid-Regulation Hormones in Young Women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 86(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.3.1092

DiPietro, L., Seeman, T. E., Stachenfeld, N. S., Katz, L. D., & Nadel, E. R. (1998). Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Training Improves Glucose Tolerance in Aging Independent of Abdominal Adiposity. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(7). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02722.x

Stachenfeld, N. S., Silva, C., Kokoszka, C., Nadel, E. R., & B, P. J. (1998). Sex Hormones Lower the Operating Point for Body Fluid Tonicity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01310

Stachenfeld, N. S., L, D., Malina, R. M., Berkowitz, R. I., & Clarkson, P. M. (1998). Weight Regulation in Physical Activity and Sport. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-00492

Stachenfeld, N. S., Dipietro, L., Palter, S. F., & Nadel, E. R. (1998). Estrogen Influences Osmotic Secretion of Avp and Body Water Balance in Postmenopausal Women. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 274(1). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.r187

Haskell, A., Nadel, E. R., Stachenfeld, N. S., Nagashima, K., & Mack, G. W. (1997). Transcapillary Escape Rate of Albumin in Humans During Exercise-Induced Hypervolemia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 83(2). https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.407

Stachenfeld, N. S., L, D., & Nadel, E. R. (1997). Effect of Estrogen on Renal Electrolyte Handling in Post-Menopausal Women544. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-00543

Stachenfeld, N. S., DiPietro, L., Nadel, E. R., & Mack, G. W. (1997). Mechanism of Attenuated Thirst in Aging: Role of Central Volume Receptors. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 272(1). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.1.r148

Stachenfeld, N. S., Mack, G. W., Takamata, A., DiPietro, L., & Nadel, E. R. (1996). Thirst and Fluid Regulatory Responses to Hypertonicity in Older Adults. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 271(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.r757

Stachenfeld, N. S., Mack, G. W., L, D., Nadel, E. R., & John, B. (1996). Response to Water Immersion in Dehydrated Older and Younger Subjects349. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00349

Stachenfeld, N. S., Gleim, G. W., Zabetakis, P. M., & Nicholas, J. A. (1996). Fluid Balance and Renal Response Following Dehydrating Exercise in Well-Trained Men and Women. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 72(5-6). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00242277

Takamata, A., Mack, G. W., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Nadel, E. R. (1995). Body Temperature Modification of Osmotically Induced Vasopressin Secretion and Thirst in Humans. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 269(4). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.4.r874

Panebianco, R. A., Stachenfeld, N., Coplan, N. L., & Gleim, G. W. (1995). Effects of Blood Donation on Exercise Performance in Competitive Cyclists. American Heart Journal, 130(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(95)90085-3

DiPieto, L., Stachenfeld, N., Mack, G., & Nadel, E. (1995). Adaptations to Exercise Training in Healthy Older People. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27(6). https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199506000-00022

Stachenfeld, N. S., Mack, G. W., Jozsi, A. C., DiPietro, L., & Nadel, E. R. (1995). Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex Control of Forearm Vascular Resistance after Training in Older Adults: 180. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00180

Coplan, N. L., Sacknoff, D. M., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Gleim, G. W. (1994). Comparison of Submaximal Treadmill and Supine Bicycle Exercise. American Heart Journal, 128(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(94)90499-5

Sacknoff, D. M., Gleim, G. W., Stachenfeld, N., & Coplan, N. L. (1994). Effect of Athletic Training on Heart Rate Variability. American Heart Journal, 127(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(94)90046-9

Jozsi, A. C., Mack, G. W., Stachenfeld, N. S., Nadel, E. R., & Pierce, J. B. (1994). 630 Blood Pressure Regulation in Physically Fit Younger and Older Men. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 26(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-00632

Stachenfeld, N., Gleim, G. W., Zabetakis, P. M., Michelis, M. F., & Nicholas, J. A. (1993). 188 Gender Differences in Volume-Regulating Hormones Following Dehydrating Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199305001-00190

Stachenfeld, N. S., Gleim, G. W., & Nicholas, J. A. (1992). Endurance Training. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 20(8). https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1992.11947473

Stachenfeld, N., Gleim, G. W., Coplan, N. L., Glace, B., Butt, S., Michells, M. F., & Nicholas, J. A. (1992). Sympathetic and Plasma Renin Responses to Steady-State Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24(Supplement). https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00501

Stachenfeld, N. S., Eskenazi, M., Gleim, G. W., Coplan, N. L., & Nicholas, J. A. (1992). Predictive Accuracy of Criteria Used to Assess Maximal Oxygen Consumption. American Heart Journal, 123(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(92)90697-t

Coplan, N. L., Gleim, G. W., Stachenfeld, N., Eskenazi, M., Morales, M., & Nicholas, J. A. (1991). Evaluation of 85% Predicted Maximal Heart Rate as an End Point for Diagnostic Exercise Testing. American Heart Journal, 122(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(91)90307-4

Gleim, G. W., Stachenfeld, N. S., Coplan, N. L., & Nicholas, J. A. (1991). Gender Differences in the Systolic Blood Pressure Response to Exercise. American Heart Journal, 121(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(91)90721-s

Coplan, N., Eskenozi, M., Stachenfeld, N., Morales, M., Gleim, G., & Nicholas, J. (1991). Gender Differences and the Endpoint for Exercise Testing. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(91)91292-m

Gleim, G. W., Stachenfeld, N. S., & Nicholas, J. A. (1990). The Influence of Flexibility on the Economy of Walking and Jogging. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100080606

Stachenfeld, N., Gleim, G. W., & Nicholas, J. A. (1988). V02 of Cycling with Limited Unilateral Knee Range of Motion. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-198810000-00030